Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Chapel VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Mar 31 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 474ms 2.2ms 577.6MB 567ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 4.chpl 1962ms 44ms 60.3MB 1950ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 2019ms 12ms 60.3MB 2010ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 3074ms 28ms 246.4MB 5113ms 703ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 100ms 0.6ms 160.2MB 110ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 4.chpl 185ms 1.2ms 32.4MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 188ms 2.8ms 32.4MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 267ms 2.6ms 28.5MB 427ms 57ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 1924ms 65ms 240.6MB 7167ms 113ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2164ms 23ms 222.7MB 2980ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21
chapel 1-m.chpl 2192ms 58ms 470.2MB 4273ms 73ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 12.7MB 6027ms 467ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt timeout 0.0ms 53.1MB 19010ms 150ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 181ms 1.3ms 427.0MB 293ms 37ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 2-m.kt 433ms 6.8ms 12.8MB 1593ms 23ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 480ms 14ms 77.5MB 1110ms 53ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 685ms 0.7ms 8.8MB 813ms 63ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2-m.kt 926ms 49ms 105.6MB 3263ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 71ms 3.7ms 32.4MB 70ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 32ms 1.2ms 30.5MB 30ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5-m.chpl 104ms 1.2ms 28.4MB 190ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5.chpl 22ms 2.2ms 28.4MB 20ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.0ms 0.2ms 2.5MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
chapel 1.chpl 11ms 0.5ms 28.8MB 0ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 56ms 5.4ms 47.2MB 50ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 746ms 3.8ms 97.0MB 1413ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 112ms 0.7ms 76.9MB 197ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 319ms 3.7ms 28.8MB 313ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1n.kt 406ms 0.5ms 2.5MB 397ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1.kt 445ms 1.6ms 49.5MB 487ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 45ms 0.9ms 28.9MB 40ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1n.kt 47ms 1.9ms 2.5MB 40ms 0ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 1-m.kt 119ms 0.0ms 49.6MB 163ms 17ms kotlin/jvm 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 442ms 11ms 30.3MB 437ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 3686ms 7.3ms 354.4MB 4587ms 103ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.5MB 6277ms 270ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.2MB 5017ms 143ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 113ms 0.5ms 30.4MB 110ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 1008ms 11ms 355.1MB 1733ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 5.4MB 6273ms 273ms kotlin/native 1.8.21
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 6.3MB 5003ms 160ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 1382ms 4.7ms 222.1MB 1337ms 37ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 171.1MB 5397ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 277.0MB 5010ms 877ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 159ms 3.1ms 48.9MB 140ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 812ms 1.6ms 133.5MB 1233ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt 3187ms 38ms 63.0MB 3923ms 17ms kotlin/native 1.8.21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 1172ms 4.9ms 29.2MB 1167ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1.kt 3092ms 51ms 235.3MB 4100ms 73ms kotlin/jvm 21

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 314ms 9.4ms 29.2MB 310ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 978ms 29ms 233.2MB 1787ms 60ms kotlin/jvm 21

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 1917ms 12ms 28.9MB 3807ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 3719ms 32ms 28.8MB 3710ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 489ms 4.6ms 29.0MB 953ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 934ms 6.5ms 28.8MB 927ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 134ms 2.1ms 28.9MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 248ms 6.1ms 28.8MB 243ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0