Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Chapel VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 455ms 6.3ms 576.1MB 557ms 80ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 462ms 6.4ms 643.1MB 673ms 90ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 470ms 9.4ms 639.7MB 570ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1207ms 20ms 1063.7MB 580ms 793ms openjdk/zgc 21
chapel 4.chpl 1954ms 6.5ms 62.3MB 1947ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 2047ms 28ms 60.3MB 2040ms 3ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 124ms 1.6ms 167.0MB 157ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 129ms 5.5ms 98.0MB 163ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 143ms 3.2ms 224.5MB 217ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 4.chpl 185ms 3.6ms 32.4MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 3.chpl 185ms 0.6ms 32.2MB 180ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2.java 299ms 4.1ms 241.7MB 157ms 197ms openjdk/zgc 21

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 2098ms 184ms 258.2MB 7953ms 127ms openjdk 21
chapel 1-m.chpl 2211ms 79ms 480.1MB 4320ms 70ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 2459ms 233ms 242.9MB 9360ms 137ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 2764ms 212ms 1176.7MB 8893ms 1110ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 179ms 0.7ms 445.0MB 293ms 40ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 443ms 2.6ms 92.2MB 1470ms 60ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 479ms 10ms 129.7MB 1607ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 684ms 24ms 228.2MB 1873ms 250ms openjdk/zgc 21

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 71ms 1.5ms 32.5MB 70ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 585ms 85ms 265.5MB 1613ms 70ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 604ms 11ms 359.6MB 1167ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 636ms 55ms 237.0MB 1717ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 970ms 31ms 534.8MB 1663ms 407ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 33ms 2.6ms 30.5MB 30ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1-m.java 301ms 6.0ms 225.7MB 600ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 360ms 33ms 177.9MB 983ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 367ms 17ms 111.4MB 1000ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 537ms 14ms 215.4MB 1073ms 227ms openjdk/zgc 21

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5-m.chpl 104ms 1.5ms 28.3MB 190ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 4-m.java 449ms 13ms 102.4MB 637ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 456ms 17ms 47.5MB 543ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 458ms 1.4ms 49.3MB 540ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 4.java 569ms 8.4ms 45.4MB 537ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 5.chpl 21ms 0.7ms 28.4MB 20ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 4.java 121ms 1.3ms 46.2MB 157ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 4.java 126ms 2.1ms 47.7MB 167ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 4-m.java 134ms 6.0ms 91.7MB 200ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 4.java 251ms 9.3ms 43.9MB 163ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 9.3ms 1.5ms 28.8MB 0ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 62ms 2.4ms 52.7MB 68ms 18ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 6.7ms 43.8MB 78ms 12ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.7ms 44.5MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 184ms 2.0ms 42.9MB 80ms 132ms openjdk/zgc 21

knucleotide

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 747ms 5.4ms 87.2MB 1417ms 10ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 1018ms 55ms 127.3MB 3503ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 1086ms 3.2ms 155.6MB 3727ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 1105ms 0.4ms 179.8MB 3787ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 1432ms 7.3ms 178.7MB 4573ms 200ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3-m.chpl 113ms 1.0ms 87.0MB 200ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 312ms 16ms 87.7MB 900ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 3-m.java 324ms 22ms 88.1MB 953ms 37ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 330ms 18ms 135.0MB 900ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 431ms 1.7ms 98.2MB 893ms 170ms openjdk/zgc 21

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 322ms 1.7ms 28.8MB 320ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 441ms 1.8ms 45.4MB 480ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 444ms 1.2ms 48.2MB 480ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 447ms 3.2ms 81.7MB 483ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 567ms 1.6ms 45.0MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 1230ms 1.5ms 567.4MB 1367ms 73ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1245ms 7.7ms 792.1MB 1367ms 93ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3242ms 30ms 2411.5MB 1663ms 1800ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 44ms 1.3ms 28.9MB 40ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 115ms 2.7ms 81.5MB 143ms 27ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 117ms 1.5ms 45.3MB 157ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 118ms 3.8ms 48.1MB 157ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 241ms 4.9ms 44.6MB 157ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 289ms 5.6ms 371.1MB 420ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 305ms 7.2ms 418.7MB 450ms 57ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 680ms 10ms 526.8MB 463ms 403ms openjdk/zgc 21

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 444ms 0.7ms 30.4MB 440ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 3185ms 10ms 444.0MB 3607ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3705ms 65ms 448.5MB 4597ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 3709ms 72ms 366.5MB 4553ms 107ms openjdk 21
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1957.4MB 4627ms 1233ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 2.chpl 113ms 1.8ms 30.4MB 110ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 1.java 880ms 4.2ms 369.9MB 1217ms 93ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1000ms 42ms 386.8MB 1787ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1014ms 24ms 412.8MB 1770ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 1993ms 39ms 1355.3MB 1723ms 1037ms openjdk/zgc 21

regex-redux

Input: 2500000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 1387ms 3.3ms 220.1MB 1343ms 40ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 397.9MB 5400ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 302.1MB 5340ms 60ms openjdk 21
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 304.6MB 5327ms 53ms openjdk 23
java 3.java timeout 0.0ms 470.7MB 4983ms 290ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 250000_in

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 3.chpl 163ms 3.8ms 49.0MB 143ms 13ms chpl 1.31.0
java 3-m.java 758ms 6.5ms 177.3MB 1123ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 3-m.java 787ms 2.3ms 128.7MB 1197ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 3-m.java 819ms 24ms 130.4MB 1217ms 37ms openjdk 23
java 3.java 949ms 13ms 133.1MB 1143ms 173ms openjdk/zgc 21

secp256k1

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 1181ms 6.5ms 29.1MB 1177ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 500

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1.chpl 307ms 4.2ms 29.1MB 303ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 1922ms 11ms 29.0MB 3817ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 1986ms 9.7ms 47.8MB 7600ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1987ms 18ms 48.7MB 7617ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2117ms 11ms 45.8MB 7620ms 153ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2514ms 6.9ms 94.5MB 9423ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 1.chpl 3716ms 4.8ms 28.8MB 3710ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 492ms 1.0ms 28.9MB 957ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 599ms 0.5ms 47.8MB 2133ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 614ms 4.8ms 49.0MB 2180ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 737ms 1.7ms 45.5MB 2183ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 761ms 25ms 95.2MB 2687ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
chapel 1.chpl 940ms 1.7ms 28.8MB 940ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
chapel 1-m.chpl 133ms 1.1ms 28.9MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
chapel 1.chpl 246ms 3.6ms 28.8MB 240ms 0ms chpl 1.31.0
java 2-m.java 249ms 6.5ms 47.4MB 737ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 257ms 2.4ms 48.6MB 783ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 310ms 29ms 95.0MB 947ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 377ms 11ms 45.3MB 767ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21