Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Acton VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Jul 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 488ms 8.7ms 575.8MB 583ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 3941ms 160ms 145.0MB 4120ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.0MB 5903ms 87ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 2.9ms 159.3MB 143ms 33ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 210ms 3.5ms 17.7MB 217ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 825ms 24ms 12.1MB 950ms 73ms actonc 0.26.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 227ms 8.3ms 8.0MB 210ms 30ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 84ms 19ms 5.9MB 70ms 10ms actonc 0.26.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 3.5ms 0.3ms 4.3MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.26.0
kotlin 1.kt 65ms 2.5ms 47.7MB 76ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 389ms 8.7ms 680.7MB 447ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 1857ms 13ms 89.9MB 1940ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 3298ms 25ms 84.6MB 3703ms 53ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 159ms 6.4ms 207.2MB 217ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 258ms 3.7ms 25.7MB 263ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 725ms 34ms 23.8MB 793ms 33ms actonc 0.26.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 560.9MB 6637ms 83ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 2432ms 20ms 192.5MB 2923ms 63ms actonc 0.26.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 3388ms 212ms 6.8MB 3370ms 2387ms actonc 0.26.0
kotlin 1.kt 3717ms 19ms 358.9MB 4580ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.9MB 3970ms 1520ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.9MB 5110ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 948ms 42ms 6.1MB 900ms 703ms actonc 0.26.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 983ms 36ms 353.7MB 1773ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 27.0MB 4003ms 1517ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.4MB 5110ms 123ms kotlin/native 2.1.20