Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Acton VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Jun 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 507ms 12ms 574.5MB 603ms 97ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 3832ms 23ms 145.7MB 4013ms 63ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.0MB 5877ms 77ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 124ms 1.0ms 159.2MB 150ms 27ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 208ms 3.8ms 17.6MB 217ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 814ms 23ms 12.0MB 937ms 67ms actonc 0.25.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 220ms 2.2ms 8.0MB 197ms 33ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 77ms 8.3ms 6.0MB 57ms 20ms actonc 0.25.0

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.2ms 0.1ms 3.1MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 3.4ms 0.3ms 3.9MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.25.0
kotlin 1.kt 62ms 0.6ms 47.7MB 74ms 16ms kotlin/jvm 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 384ms 3.9ms 680.1MB 450ms 87ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 1811ms 15ms 89.9MB 1887ms 43ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 3258ms 55ms 84.4MB 3627ms 60ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 158ms 4.9ms 207.2MB 210ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 255ms 3.0ms 25.3MB 260ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
acton 1.act 697ms 11ms 23.8MB 757ms 33ms actonc 0.25.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 560.9MB 6633ms 100ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 2432ms 41ms 229.8MB 2987ms 43ms actonc 0.25.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 3374ms 156ms 6.8MB 3427ms 2370ms actonc 0.25.0
kotlin 1.kt 3710ms 30ms 353.2MB 4553ms 117ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 3983ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5117ms 133ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 965ms 82ms 6.1MB 883ms 747ms actonc 0.25.0
kotlin 1-m.kt 975ms 38ms 365.7MB 1740ms 93ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3980ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5123ms 113ms kotlin/native 2.1.20