Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Acton VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Tue Mar 25 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 458ms 2.4ms 576.1MB 560ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 468ms 4.5ms 644.9MB 643ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 483ms 9.4ms 620.6MB 587ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1240ms 21ms 1086.3MB 587ms 817ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.1MB 5977ms 80ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 123ms 4.3ms 98.7MB 163ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 125ms 5.0ms 169.0MB 153ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 150ms 9.1ms 225.3MB 223ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 306ms 2.8ms 241.6MB 150ms 210ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 835ms 22ms 12.0MB 973ms 73ms actonc 0.24.1

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 265ms 20ms 7.1MB 230ms 70ms actonc 0.24.1
java 1-m.java 589ms 7.5ms 263.6MB 1617ms 70ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 613ms 8.6ms 392.1MB 1177ms 113ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 633ms 64ms 222.5MB 1693ms 70ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 998ms 3.0ms 504.7MB 1677ms 423ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 101ms 17ms 5.3MB 83ms 27ms actonc 0.24.1
java 1-m.java 305ms 12ms 225.7MB 607ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 328ms 2.2ms 178.0MB 890ms 57ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 384ms 21ms 110.9MB 1053ms 53ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 529ms 30ms 216.4MB 1050ms 223ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 3.6ms 0.3ms 3.9MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.24.1
java 1.java 63ms 2.8ms 52.7MB 70ms 16ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 65ms 2.6ms 43.7MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 69ms 4.7ms 44.7MB 72ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 199ms 6.8ms 42.9MB 84ms 138ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 402ms 1.4ms 539.4MB 503ms 83ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 403ms 0.8ms 679.7MB 470ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 407ms 4.5ms 624.7MB 617ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1109ms 14ms 993.0MB 460ms 777ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 3317ms 13ms 102.0MB 3620ms 57ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 163ms 1.4ms 158.5MB 237ms 47ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 167ms 4.0ms 206.4MB 237ms 47ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 214ms 4.0ms 253.3MB 350ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 427ms 11ms 341.8MB 217ms 287ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 715ms 22ms 30.5MB 753ms 33ms actonc 0.24.1

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 414ms 8.0ms 115.1MB 463ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 417ms 11ms 118.0MB 453ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 598ms 4.7ms 112.6MB 497ms 167ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 645ms 4.3ms 256.4MB 920ms 83ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 783ms 3.4ms 57.0MB 837ms 23ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 785ms 6.3ms 60.3MB 833ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 856ms 3.3ms 53.4MB 780ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1326ms 70ms 214.5MB 2320ms 103ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 561.0MB 6737ms 120ms actonc 0.24.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 158ms 11ms 68.1MB 193ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 159ms 1.7ms 64.7MB 210ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 209ms 17ms 124.7MB 293ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 261ms 1.6ms 50.5MB 313ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 261ms 1.8ms 49.9MB 320ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 292ms 2.3ms 61.4MB 210ms 157ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 371ms 7.0ms 47.7MB 307ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 474ms 3.4ms 194.3MB 833ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1.act 2404ms 16ms 192.3MB 2937ms 40ms actonc 0.24.1

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 3057ms 164ms 6.7MB 2860ms 2093ms actonc 0.24.1
java 1.java 3250ms 4.4ms 443.6MB 3687ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 3741ms 68ms 414.0MB 4627ms 120ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 3777ms 87ms 428.4MB 4617ms 110ms openjdk 21
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 2126.2MB 4680ms 1213ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1-m.act 870ms 31ms 5.7MB 770ms 633ms actonc 0.24.1
java 1-m.java 904ms 8.4ms 445.7MB 1267ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 1004ms 16ms 422.6MB 1803ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1030ms 26ms 432.7MB 1780ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 2045ms 43ms 1343.3MB 1747ms 1080ms openjdk/zgc 21