Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Acton VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon May 19 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 458ms 6.7ms 574.1MB 563ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 466ms 7.3ms 643.0MB 657ms 117ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 468ms 2.3ms 638.7MB 577ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1195ms 46ms 1101.7MB 577ms 787ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.0MB 5913ms 87ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 128ms 1.6ms 167.0MB 157ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 133ms 5.7ms 96.5MB 163ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 152ms 7.0ms 215.4MB 227ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 308ms 9.8ms 241.5MB 170ms 193ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 866ms 49ms 12.1MB 997ms 63ms actonc 0.25.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 226ms 10.0ms 8.0MB 207ms 30ms actonc 0.25.0
java 1-m.java 603ms 8.3ms 352.7MB 1180ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 611ms 69ms 263.9MB 1673ms 67ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 642ms 55ms 231.5MB 1707ms 73ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 949ms 34ms 528.2MB 1633ms 413ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 82ms 15ms 5.8MB 63ms 13ms actonc 0.25.0
java 1-m.java 305ms 0.9ms 225.8MB 607ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 330ms 3.5ms 176.0MB 903ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 385ms 22ms 110.7MB 1043ms 50ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 509ms 21ms 215.5MB 1010ms 207ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 3.8ms 0.2ms 3.9MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.25.0
java 1.java 65ms 2.3ms 53.1MB 68ms 20ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 70ms 6.5ms 44.7MB 80ms 14ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 70ms 4.4ms 43.9MB 76ms 18ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 194ms 7.5ms 43.0MB 86ms 142ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 404ms 4.9ms 534.3MB 500ms 93ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 406ms 4.3ms 679.8MB 490ms 90ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 408ms 8.7ms 626.3MB 617ms 97ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1026ms 1.9ms 933.9MB 487ms 690ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 3359ms 11ms 84.5MB 3770ms 57ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 167ms 1.6ms 206.1MB 240ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 168ms 1.1ms 158.3MB 247ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 216ms 12ms 253.2MB 367ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 419ms 8.2ms 341.9MB 217ms 280ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 759ms 44ms 23.8MB 833ms 33ms actonc 0.25.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 410ms 3.5ms 115.8MB 463ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 424ms 3.9ms 118.5MB 467ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 587ms 6.0ms 112.8MB 493ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 644ms 25ms 236.7MB 933ms 77ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 782ms 3.1ms 56.9MB 837ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 786ms 9.6ms 60.5MB 840ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 847ms 3.9ms 53.2MB 777ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1339ms 8.3ms 234.5MB 2410ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 560.9MB 6627ms 93ms actonc 0.25.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 155ms 2.3ms 68.1MB 200ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 158ms 3.5ms 64.7MB 210ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 210ms 6.9ms 124.8MB 297ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 262ms 3.1ms 50.5MB 310ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 263ms 1.2ms 50.0MB 327ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 286ms 4.1ms 61.5MB 203ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 370ms 2.8ms 47.7MB 303ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 470ms 6.2ms 199.2MB 830ms 63ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1.act 2461ms 15ms 192.4MB 2957ms 57ms actonc 0.25.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 3209ms 4.7ms 445.5MB 3633ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1-m.act 3454ms 71ms 7.0MB 3500ms 2400ms actonc 0.25.0
java 1.java 3722ms 68ms 433.0MB 4600ms 107ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3750ms 35ms 408.8MB 4670ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1830.0MB 4663ms 1203ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 888ms 5.7ms 448.3MB 1230ms 87ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1-m.act 970ms 26ms 6.0MB 937ms 717ms actonc 0.25.0
java 1-m.java 985ms 9.3ms 423.2MB 1833ms 87ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 1005ms 39ms 488.4MB 1760ms 110ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 1983ms 5.7ms 1312.1MB 1770ms 1033ms openjdk/zgc 21