Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Acton VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon Jun 23 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 460ms 10ms 573.4MB 563ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 468ms 7.1ms 643.1MB 657ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 476ms 4.7ms 636.3MB 577ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1176ms 4.0ms 1040.7MB 573ms 763ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 67.0MB 5897ms 97ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 124ms 0.8ms 96.2MB 163ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 125ms 2.0ms 167.1MB 157ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 147ms 1.3ms 215.1MB 227ms 50ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 313ms 2.8ms 241.6MB 160ms 207ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 931ms 26ms 12.0MB 1060ms 73ms actonc 0.26.0

edigits

Input: 250001

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 230ms 8.9ms 7.9MB 213ms 30ms actonc 0.26.0
java 1-m.java 603ms 7.0ms 352.5MB 1167ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 640ms 63ms 267.1MB 1717ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 644ms 46ms 250.7MB 1723ms 73ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 975ms 34ms 536.4MB 1673ms 433ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 100000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 77ms 6.0ms 6.0MB 63ms 13ms actonc 0.26.0
java 1-m.java 295ms 6.5ms 226.0MB 583ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 347ms 33ms 178.0MB 950ms 47ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 377ms 31ms 111.4MB 1040ms 47ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 499ms 7.7ms 216.4MB 973ms 213ms openjdk/zgc 21

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
acton 1.act 3.7ms 0.2ms 4.1MB 0ms 0ms actonc 0.26.0
java 1.java 64ms 2.4ms 52.4MB 66ms 18ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 72ms 4.4ms 44.7MB 78ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 73ms 4.9ms 43.8MB 76ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 192ms 4.4ms 42.8MB 80ms 136ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 399ms 2.4ms 541.9MB 497ms 87ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 408ms 5.6ms 680.1MB 483ms 90ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 440ms 67ms 657.5MB 653ms 120ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1057ms 29ms 961.6MB 450ms 737ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 3685ms 246ms 84.6MB 4110ms 77ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 162ms 3.2ms 158.1MB 240ms 33ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 165ms 0.9ms 206.3MB 233ms 43ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 213ms 5.0ms 253.5MB 343ms 70ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 415ms 9.6ms 341.9MB 217ms 273ms openjdk/zgc 21
acton 1.act 755ms 11ms 23.9MB 830ms 40ms actonc 0.26.0

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 414ms 0.9ms 118.0MB 460ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 423ms 11ms 115.3MB 473ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 597ms 9.6ms 112.7MB 500ms 163ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 1-m.java 607ms 8.4ms 214.2MB 883ms 67ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 783ms 3.4ms 57.1MB 847ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 790ms 3.7ms 60.7MB 843ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 854ms 2.8ms 53.3MB 787ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 1346ms 23ms 259.9MB 2400ms 117ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1.act timeout 0.0ms 561.0MB 6610ms 77ms actonc 0.26.0

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 153ms 0.8ms 68.2MB 200ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 158ms 2.0ms 64.8MB 213ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 211ms 22ms 124.9MB 297ms 47ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 265ms 7.5ms 50.3MB 313ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 271ms 12ms 50.0MB 337ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 291ms 0.1ms 61.5MB 213ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2.java 377ms 6.4ms 47.6MB 310ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 475ms 9.9ms 145.5MB 853ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1.act 2558ms 15ms 192.4MB 3067ms 57ms actonc 0.26.0

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 3227ms 47ms 445.3MB 3660ms 107ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
acton 1-m.act 3432ms 124ms 6.9MB 3533ms 2347ms actonc 0.26.0
java 1.java 3739ms 47ms 425.9MB 4580ms 113ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 3759ms 36ms 413.3MB 4657ms 123ms openjdk 23
java 1.java timeout 0.0ms 1935.2MB 4677ms 1170ms openjdk/zgc 21

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 900ms 18ms 443.2MB 1240ms 93ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1-m.java 983ms 6.0ms 389.1MB 1830ms 93ms openjdk 21
acton 1-m.act 993ms 33ms 6.0MB 937ms 727ms actonc 0.26.0
java 1-m.java 1002ms 11ms 420.7MB 1840ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 2053ms 7.5ms 1352.6MB 1690ms 1090ms openjdk/zgc 21