Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Ruby VS Kotlin benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Mon May 19 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 491ms 9.8ms 576.6MB 603ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 4175ms 24ms 143.7MB 4367ms 73ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 4550ms 58ms 807.5MB 6423ms 470ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 4702ms 91ms 150.6MB 4603ms 87ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 70.4MB 4947ms 40ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 0.9ms 159.3MB 150ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 235ms 15ms 17.6MB 240ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 493ms 7.5ms 20.3MB 467ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 536ms 62ms 418.0MB 1057ms 167ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 939ms 7.1ms 19.5MB 917ms 13ms ruby 3.4.4

coro-prime-sieve

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 1437ms 31ms 63.8MB 1357ms 67ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 1867ms 6.6ms 63.0MB 1790ms 63ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 1893ms 160ms 233.8MB 7030ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2169ms 49ms 220.1MB 3017ms 67ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 4283ms 17ms 21.6MB 14280ms 553ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt timeout 0.0ms 17.4MB 5517ms 30ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 340.6MB 4643ms 1510ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 1000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 152ms 2.8ms 25.8MB 120ms 20ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 181ms 2.5ms 25.0MB 147ms 17ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 2-m.kt 248ms 4.5ms 21.1MB 837ms 40ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 395ms 2.7ms 17.4MB 403ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 495ms 6.5ms 76.4MB 1130ms 40ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 920ms 72ms 97.4MB 3233ms 77ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 353.7MB 4770ms 1417ms truffleruby 24.2.1

fasta

Input: 2500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 6.rb 2027ms 13ms 23.0MB 1997ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 6-m.rb 2068ms 126ms 407.9MB 5310ms 330ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 6.rb 3712ms 34ms 22.4MB 3683ms 13ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 250000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 6.rb 259ms 3.2ms 15.2MB 237ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 6.rb 421ms 2.0ms 14.4MB 400ms 7ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 6-m.rb 817ms 16ms 366.6MB 2047ms 163ms truffleruby 24.2.1

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 2.1ms 0.2ms 3.0MB 0ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 35ms 0.5ms 141.3MB 14ms 24ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 51ms 1.3ms 12.9MB 36ms 2ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 51ms 1.6ms 12.8MB 38ms 4ms ruby 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 64ms 5.9ms 47.6MB 78ms 18ms kotlin/jvm 21

json-serde

Input: sample 5000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb 251ms 4.9ms 27.8MB 223ms 17ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 254ms 3.9ms 29.0MB 227ms 13ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1-m.kt 776ms 95ms 175.3MB 2097ms 80ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1-m.rb 4221ms 61ms 553.6MB 11127ms 323ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: canada 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1835ms 40ms 693.1MB 4310ms 167ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 2088ms 11ms 135.5MB 2000ms 73ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 2089ms 18ms 130.9MB 2003ms 70ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 486.0MB 13307ms 333ms truffleruby 24.2.1

lru

Input: 1000 1000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 168ms 4.4ms 12.4MB 170ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 192ms 2.4ms 94.9MB 323ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 209ms 14ms 101.4MB 453ms 43ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 346ms 5.9ms 13.5MB 327ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 353ms 2.2ms 12.5MB 353ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 528ms 2.9ms 12.9MB 510ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 672ms 40ms 371.0MB 1197ms 137ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 1000 3000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2-m.kt 313ms 0.5ms 214.0MB 540ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 340ms 2.2ms 203.2MB 463ms 37ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2.kt 474ms 3.0ms 12.4MB 500ms 7ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb 910ms 1.8ms 13.5MB 890ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1.kt 1035ms 8.5ms 12.4MB 1070ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 1245ms 2.3ms 411.8MB 1757ms 167ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 1482ms 5.6ms 12.9MB 1460ms 10ms ruby 3.4.4

Input: 100 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 2.kt 95ms 0.4ms 12.8MB 87ms 3ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 121ms 0.9ms 12.8MB 110ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 153ms 3.0ms 90.4MB 287ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 2-m.kt 169ms 8.2ms 95.6MB 340ms 30ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 197ms 3.9ms 13.4MB 183ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 290ms 4.2ms 12.8MB 273ms 0ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 503ms 50ms 362.6MB 967ms 137ms truffleruby 24.2.1

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 395ms 2.5ms 678.6MB 450ms 83ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 2036ms 172ms 90.1MB 2113ms 47ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 3839ms 65ms 570.9MB 9800ms 350ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 94.1MB 4943ms 47ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 97.2MB 4943ms 43ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 155ms 2.4ms 207.3MB 203ms 50ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1.kt 293ms 4.6ms 25.6MB 297ms 10ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1-m.rb 2093ms 126ms 535.8MB 5357ms 270ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 3224ms 7.7ms 38.3MB 3190ms 17ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 4324ms 12ms 37.6MB 4293ms 13ms ruby 3.4.4

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 353ms 3.9ms 3.6MB 343ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1.kt 445ms 1.8ms 49.2MB 490ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 2.rb 816ms 4.0ms 312.1MB 1050ms 113ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 2.rb timeout 0.0ms 12.8MB 4987ms 0ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 2.rb timeout 0.0ms 13.5MB 4980ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1n.kt 39ms 0.2ms 3.6MB 30ms 0ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 1-m.kt 121ms 2.3ms 49.4MB 170ms 20ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 2-m.rb 308ms 14ms 317.9MB 567ms 110ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 2.rb 1025ms 1.2ms 13.5MB 1003ms 10ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 2.rb 2921ms 95ms 12.8MB 2903ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4

nsieve

Input: 12

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 325.3MB 4857ms 133ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 327.0MB 4853ms 130ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 732.0MB 5073ms 150ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 10

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 1-m.rb 1691ms 6.2ms 486.6MB 2437ms 163ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 3458ms 150ms 131.6MB 3363ms 80ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb 4471ms 23ms 131.1MB 4383ms 73ms ruby 3.4.4

pidigits

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1.kt 3724ms 64ms 352.5MB 4500ms 100ms kotlin/jvm 21
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.3MB 3990ms 1497ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5130ms 127ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 130.1MB 4853ms 137ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 131.0MB 4833ms 157ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 1.rb timeout 0.0ms 441.9MB 13307ms 403ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
kotlin 1-m.kt 1018ms 20ms 353.5MB 1703ms 90ms kotlin/jvm 21
ruby 1.rb 1737ms 69ms 130.2MB 1657ms 63ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 1-m.rb 1762ms 210ms 387.2MB 4653ms 207ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 1.rb 1805ms 4.1ms 131.2MB 1680ms 113ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
kotlin 1n.kt timeout 0.0ms 26.7MB 3990ms 1510ms kotlin/native 2.1.20
kotlin 2n.kt timeout 0.0ms 30.6MB 5113ms 130ms kotlin/native 2.1.20

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 12.9MB 4980ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 13.5MB 4980ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 442.8MB 5163ms 247ms truffleruby 24.2.1

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 4.rb 4839ms 22ms 427.6MB 5120ms 207ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 12.9MB 4980ms 3ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 13.5MB 4983ms 3ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
ruby 4.rb 1449ms 47ms 375.2MB 1810ms 133ms truffleruby 24.2.1
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 12.9MB 4980ms 0ms ruby 3.4.4
ruby 4.rb timeout 0.0ms 13.6MB 4980ms 7ms ruby/yjit 3.4.4