Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Lua VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Sun Apr 13 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 456ms 5.7ms 573.8MB 557ms 80ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 468ms 8.1ms 641.1MB 647ms 130ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 471ms 1.5ms 642.2MB 577ms 103ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 1189ms 5.3ms 1044.5MB 583ms 773ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 3589ms 40ms 172.9MB 3430ms 147ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 104.9MB 4950ms 33ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 124ms 3.5ms 167.2MB 153ms 33ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 126ms 6.5ms 96.2MB 160ms 30ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 150ms 5.5ms 217.2MB 223ms 53ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 288ms 1.0ms 15.5MB 267ms 10ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 304ms 4.1ms 242.0MB 147ms 207ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 813ms 3.5ms 16.9MB 800ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 1.lua 1.4ms 0.2ms 2.4MB 0ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 1.5ms 0.1ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms lua 5.4.7
java 1.java 62ms 1.0ms 52.9MB 64ms 18ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 74ms 1.4ms 44.9MB 72ms 18ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 74ms 0.5ms 43.8MB 80ms 18ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 191ms 2.9ms 42.8MB 84ms 138ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 403ms 2.5ms 680.0MB 477ms 90ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 412ms 12ms 536.9MB 510ms 80ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 419ms 11ms 564.2MB 630ms 100ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1090ms 5.1ms 970.9MB 440ms 763ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 107.4MB 4947ms 37ms lua 5.4.7
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 149.3MB 4930ms 57ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 162ms 2.7ms 158.5MB 237ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 167ms 1.1ms 206.2MB 240ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 220ms 11ms 253.2MB 357ms 73ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 418ms 7.1ms 342.0MB 210ms 287ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 1121ms 19ms 31.1MB 1090ms 17ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 2187ms 61ms 28.6MB 2167ms 3ms lua 5.4.7

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 444ms 3.6ms 48.1MB 477ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 444ms 0.1ms 45.0MB 483ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 453ms 6.8ms 82.2MB 487ms 30ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 571ms 2.2ms 44.9MB 493ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 714ms 3.2ms 2.3MB 703ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 1243ms 7.6ms 561.9MB 1373ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1266ms 10ms 739.7MB 1383ms 107ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3383ms 13ms 2440.8MB 1633ms 1947ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.3MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 4.lua 77ms 2.4ms 2.4MB 70ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 1.java 119ms 5.8ms 47.9MB 150ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 119ms 0.9ms 45.4MB 160ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 119ms 4.0ms 81.5MB 143ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 253ms 3.5ms 44.9MB 170ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 297ms 4.2ms 342.9MB 447ms 50ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 303ms 5.9ms 393.8MB 430ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 693ms 14ms 526.8MB 467ms 413ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 1118ms 42ms 2.3MB 1110ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 1997ms 3.3ms 47.4MB 7637ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 2004ms 6.8ms 48.7MB 7657ms 27ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2110ms 21ms 45.3MB 7533ms 147ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2495ms 20ms 94.3MB 9360ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 4072ms 9.2ms 2.5MB 4060ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.4MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 603ms 3.3ms 47.5MB 2150ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 608ms 7.0ms 49.3MB 2147ms 20ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 728ms 5.2ms 45.5MB 2143ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 783ms 11ms 95.2MB 2750ms 43ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 1022ms 4.9ms 2.4MB 1013ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.1MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 245ms 4.9ms 48.1MB 730ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 252ms 7.1ms 48.9MB 743ms 20ms openjdk 23
lua 1.lua 260ms 3.2ms 2.3MB 250ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2-m.java 309ms 11ms 95.8MB 950ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 374ms 9.2ms 45.3MB 720ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.0MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7