Programming Language and compiler
Benchmarks

Lua VS Java benchmarks

Current benchmark data was generated on Fri Aug 01 2025, full log can be found HERE

CONTRIBUTIONS are WELCOME!

[x86_64][4 cores] AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor (Model 1)

* -m in a file name stands for multi-threading or multi-processing

* -i in a file name stands for direct intrinsics usage. (Usage of simd intrinsics via libraries is not counted)

* -ffi in a file name stands for non-stdlib FFI usage

* (You may find time < time(user) + time(sys) for some non-parallelized programs, the overhead is from GC or JIT compiler, which are allowed to take advantage of multi-cores as that's more close to real-world scenarios.)

binarytrees

Input: 18

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 460ms 9.2ms 574.1MB 553ms 83ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 470ms 8.8ms 624.4MB 577ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 480ms 9.9ms 640.7MB 680ms 110ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2.java 1176ms 13ms 1047.1MB 593ms 757ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 3513ms 23ms 173.0MB 3370ms 130ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 105.0MB 4950ms 37ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2.java 120ms 4.9ms 168.1MB 150ms 30ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 123ms 0.5ms 97.0MB 173ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 144ms 3.8ms 224.3MB 210ms 57ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 290ms 1.7ms 15.9MB 270ms 7ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 304ms 3.3ms 241.5MB 163ms 190ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 817ms 0.3ms 17.0MB 800ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

helloworld

Input: QwQ

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 1.lua 1.4ms 0.1ms 2.4MB 0ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 1.4ms 0.2ms 2.1MB 0ms 0ms lua 5.4.7
java 1.java 62ms 1.4ms 52.9MB 64ms 20ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 69ms 4.7ms 43.9MB 78ms 10ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 73ms 1.9ms 44.7MB 74ms 16ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 186ms 3.9ms 42.9MB 82ms 132ms openjdk/zgc 21

merkletrees

Input: 17

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 397ms 3.2ms 536.3MB 483ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 416ms 5.0ms 677.5MB 473ms 100ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 424ms 8.3ms 643.7MB 600ms 123ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 1020ms 3.1ms 946.5MB 477ms 693ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 107.4MB 4947ms 40ms lua 5.4.7
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 149.4MB 4923ms 63ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3

Input: 15

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1-m.java 163ms 2.8ms 158.5MB 247ms 40ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 166ms 1.2ms 207.9MB 240ms 40ms openjdk 21
java 1-m.java 210ms 6.3ms 253.8MB 347ms 60ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 404ms 6.6ms 341.9MB 220ms 260ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua 1101ms 8.1ms 31.1MB 1073ms 17ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua 2192ms 63ms 28.8MB 2170ms 10ms lua 5.4.7

nbody

Input: 5000000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 1.java 442ms 1.6ms 81.4MB 473ms 23ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 445ms 1.9ms 47.7MB 480ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1.java 446ms 15ms 45.2MB 487ms 13ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 567ms 4.2ms 44.9MB 490ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 711ms 0.9ms 2.4MB 700ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2.java 1238ms 17ms 608.0MB 1377ms 77ms openjdk 21
java 2.java 1243ms 5.5ms 744.5MB 1360ms 97ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 3248ms 81ms 2438.6MB 1660ms 1800ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.3MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 500000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
lua 4.lua 77ms 1.2ms 2.3MB 70ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 1.java 116ms 4.3ms 45.3MB 153ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 1.java 121ms 0.2ms 47.8MB 153ms 17ms openjdk 23
java 1-m.java 122ms 8.7ms 81.5MB 153ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 1.java 247ms 2.0ms 44.8MB 173ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 291ms 5.9ms 373.0MB 427ms 53ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 307ms 7.7ms 397.4MB 443ms 67ms openjdk 23
java 2.java 671ms 7.7ms 522.5MB 477ms 387ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 4.lua 1145ms 12ms 2.3MB 1137ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

spectral-norm

Input: 8000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 1989ms 3.1ms 47.7MB 7617ms 27ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 1990ms 13ms 48.5MB 7613ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 2120ms 13ms 45.5MB 7643ms 150ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 2517ms 4.4ms 95.1MB 9440ms 40ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 4064ms 5.2ms 2.5MB 4053ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.4MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 4000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 605ms 4.4ms 47.8MB 2147ms 20ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 612ms 11ms 48.8MB 2177ms 23ms openjdk 23
java 2-m.java 724ms 6.4ms 45.4MB 2113ms 143ms openjdk/zgc 21
java 2-m.java 765ms 8.2ms 94.9MB 2697ms 33ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
lua 1.lua 1018ms 0.4ms 2.4MB 1010ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.1MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7

Input: 2000

lang code time stddev peak-mem mem time(user) time(sys) compiler compiler/runtime
java 2-m.java 252ms 7.4ms 47.9MB 763ms 17ms openjdk 21
java 2-m.java 258ms 6.1ms 48.6MB 780ms 17ms openjdk 23
lua 1.lua 258ms 0.6ms 2.3MB 250ms 0ms luajit 2.1.0-beta3
java 2-m.java 303ms 24ms 93.3MB 927ms 37ms graal/jvm 17.0.8
java 2-m.java 376ms 7.1ms 45.5MB 770ms 140ms openjdk/zgc 21
lua 1.lua timeout 0.0ms 2.1MB 4990ms 0ms lua 5.4.7